Grant Number:	4R01TW009295-05 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Hu, Teh-Wei
Organization:	Public Health Institute
Project Title:	Tobacco Control Policy Analysis & Intervention Evaluation in China and Tanzania
Fiscal Year:	2016

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), there are two major strategies to control tobacco use: price control (taxes/prices) and non-price control (smoke-free public places, health warnings etc.). The primary focus of this proposal is to apply economic analysis to address tobacco taxation issues and build the evidence base for price control policies in China and Tanzania. A secondary focus is to conduct evaluation of a non-price control policy in China, which has promulgated regulations for smoke-free indoor public places in May 2011. Our research team has made progress in China under the current grant on the economic analysis of the demand and supply of tobacco products and recommendations on the justification of raising additional tobacco tax. However, analysis of the impact of a tax adjustment instituted in 2009 showed that there are many hurdles to effective use of this price control measure. This competing renewal grant proposes to do follow-up tax policy related analysis to address these hurdles. A pilot experiment for a specific excise tax increase is also proposed, as well as a study of the impact of tobacco-related diseases on government rural healthcare expenditure. The proposal also includes an evaluation of a non-price measure, the 2011 regulation on smoke-free indoor public places, to assess the community's knowledge of health risks and support for such regulations. Through professional contact, our research team was approached by the University of Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania to extend our research experiences and capacity building from China to Tanzania: the demand and supply of tobacco products in order to provide the justification for the Tanzania government to implement tobacco control. If funded, work by our research team in Tanzania will be ground-breaking and will build the foundation of tobacco control research in that country. This competing renewal has the following goals: 1) Continue Chinese tobacco control research in four areas: monitor and evaluate the 2009 tobacco tax adjustment; develop a pilot tobacco tax experiment; study the impact of smoking on government rural health care expenditures; and evaluate the impact of the May 2011 smoke-free public places regulation. 2) Develop Tanzania tobacco control research in three areas: the economic cost of smoking; demand analysis for cigarettes to simulate the impact of tax on consumption and government revenue; and to study the economic return of tobacco farming. 3) Capacity building for tobacco control researchers in China and Tanzania. 4) Engage policymakers in both countries through policy working groups and conferences. The consortium of institutions conducting these studies includes China's Sichuan University, the State Administration of Taxation, and China Centers for Disease Control and the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, as well as Tanzania's University of Dar-es-Salaam and the Tanzania Tobacco Control Forum.




The Demand for Cigarettes in Tanzania and Implications for Tobacco Taxation Policy.
Authors: Kidane A. , Mduma J. , Naho A. , Ngeh E.T. , Hu T.W. .
Source: Advances in economics and business, 2015 Oct; 3(10), p. 428-435.
PMID: 27358905
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Healthcare Cost of Smoking Induced Cardiovascular Disease in Tanzania.
Authors: Kidane A. , Hepelwa A. , Ngeh E.T. , Hu T.W. .
Source: Journal of health science (El Monte), 2015 May-Jun; 3(3), p. 117-122.
EPub date: 2015-03-31.
PMID: 27152318
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China has raised the tax on cigarettes: what's next?
Authors: Hu T.W. , Zhang X. , Zheng R. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2016 11; 25(6), p. 609-611.
EPub date: 2015-11-20.
PMID: 26588938
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A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Pregnant Women in Sichuan Province, China.
Authors: Yang L. , Tong E.K. , Mao Z. , Hu T.W. , Lee A.H. .
Source: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016 May; 18(5), p. 1163-70.
EPub date: 2015-08-20.
PMID: 26296651
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A content analysis of electronic cigarette manufacturer websites in China.
Authors: Yao T. , Jiang N. , Grana R. , Ling P.M. , Glantz S.A. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2016 Mar; 25(2), p. 188-94.
EPub date: 2014-10-21.
PMID: 25335902
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Determinants of smoking-induced deprivation in China.
Authors: Yao T. , Huang J. , Sung H.Y. , Ong M.K. , Mao Z. , Jiang Y. , Fong G.T. , Max W. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2015 Nov; 24 Suppl 4, p. iv35-9.
EPub date: 2014-05-14.
PMID: 24827978
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The healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure in rural China.
Authors: Yao T. , Sung H.Y. , Mao Z. , Hu T.W. , Max W. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2015 Oct; 24(e3), p. e221-6.
EPub date: 2014-10-21.
PMID: 25335898
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Impact of Smoking on Food Expenditure among Tanzanian Households.
Authors: Kidane A. , Mduma J. , Naho A. , Hu T.W. .
Source: African statistical journal = Journal statistique africain, 2015 Sep; 18, p. 69-78.
PMID: 28008385
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The heterogeneous effects of cigarette prices on brand choice in China: implications for tobacco control policy.
Authors: Li J. , White J.S. , Hu T.W. , Fong G.T. , Yuan J. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2015 Jul; 24 Suppl 3, p. iii25-iii32.
EPub date: 2015-04-08.
PMID: 25855642
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Impact of Smoking on Nutrition and the Food Poverty Level in Tanzania.
Authors: Kidane A. , Mduma J. , Naho A. , Hu T.W. .
Source: Journal of poverty alleviation and international development, 2015 Jun; 6(1), p. 131-149.
PMID: 27668188
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A comparative analysis of technical efficiency of smallholder tobacco and maize farmers in Tabora, Tanzania.
Authors: Kidane A. , Ngeh E.T. .
Source: Journal of development and agricultural economics, 2015-02-28; 7(2), p. 72-79.
PMID: 25937871
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Tobacco control and tobacco farming in African countries.
Authors: Hu T.W. , Lee A.H. .
Source: Journal of public health policy, 2015 Feb; 36(1), p. 41-51.
EPub date: 2014-11-27.
PMID: 25428192
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Who purchases cigarettes from cheaper sources in China? Findings from the ITC China Survey.
Authors: Yao T. , Huang J. , Sung H.Y. , Ong M.K. , Mao Z. , Jiang Y. , Fong G.T. , Max W. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2014 Mar; 23 Suppl 1, p. i97-101.
EPub date: 2013-09-27.
PMID: 24078076
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The effect of cigarette prices on brand-switching in China: a longitudinal analysis of data from the ITC China Survey.
Authors: White J.S. , Li J. , Hu T.W. , Fong G.T. , Jiang Y. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2014 Mar; 23 Suppl 1, p. i54-60.
EPub date: 2013-05-22.
PMID: 23697645
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The potential effects of tobacco control in China: projections from the China SimSmoke simulation model.
Authors: Levy D. , Rodríguez-Buño R.L. , Hu T.W. , Moran A.E. .
Source: BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014-02-18; 348, p. g1134.
EPub date: 2014-02-18.
PMID: 24550245
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WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in China: barriers, challenges and recommendations.
Authors: Hu T.W. , Lee A.H. , Mao Z. .
Source: Global health promotion, 2013 Dec; 20(4), p. 13-22.
EPub date: 2013-12-02.
PMID: 24297769
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Agricultural Inputs and Efficiency in Tanzania Small Scale Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Selected Food Crops.
Authors: Kidane A. , Hepelwa A. , Tingum E. , Hu T.W. .
Source: Tanzanian economic review, 2013; 3(1-2), p. 1-13.
PMID: 28124032
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Can increases in the cigarette tax rate be linked to cigarette retail prices? Solving mysteries related to the cigarette pricing mechanism in China.
Authors: Gao S. , Zheng R. , Hu T.W. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2012 Nov; 21(6), p. 560-2.
EPub date: 2011-10-07.
PMID: 23076787
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When a tax increase fails as a tobacco control policy: the ITC China project evaluation of the 2009 cigarette tax increase in China.
Authors: Li Q. , Hu T.W. , Mao Z. , O'Connor R.J. , Fong G.T. , Wu C. , Zhang J. , Quah A.C. , Jiang Y. .
Source: Tobacco control, 2012 May; 21(3), p. 381.
EPub date: 2011-12-23.
PMID: 22199012
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Secondhand smoke exposure at home in rural China.
Authors: Yao T. , Sung H.Y. , Mao Z. , Hu T.W. , Max W. .
Source: Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2012 Mar; 23 Suppl 1, p. 109-15.
EPub date: 2012-02-12.
PMID: 22327886
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Smoking and socio-demographic determinant of cardiovascular diseases among males 45+ years in Indonesia.
Authors: Sumartono W. , Sirait A.M. , Holy M. , Thabrany H. .
Source: International journal of environmental research and public health, 2011 02; 8(2), p. 528-39.
EPub date: 2011-02-16.
PMID: 21556201
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