Grant Number:	1R01CA160695-01 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Gilmore, Anna
Organization:	University Of Bath
Project Title:	Tobacco Companies, Global Governance and Public Health
Fiscal Year:	2011

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use is one of the strongest cancer-causing agents, and cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States. Tobacco use is also the world's leading cause of preventable death, with global mortality projected to rise from 5.4 million in 2005 to 8.3 million in 2030. This challenge has stimulated a substantial and innovative public health response, both at state and federal level and increasingly internationally. Notwithstanding such progress, developments in the global political economy, including in trade and global governance, continue to generate challenges for public health. Agreements designed to promote trade, the practices of international finance organizations and broader trends in national and supranational governance can each conflict with public health priorities. This is evident in the arbitration claim recently brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Indonesia against Section 907 of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Such conflicts have the potential to undermine progress in tobacco control. Tobacco document research (TDR) to date has dramatically increased understanding of industry strategies to undermine specific tobacco control policies, largely at national level. Yet understanding remains limited of how tobacco companies advance their global interests through broader strategies of engagement with trade and governance agendas, including via influence over economic and foreign policy, national and supranational regulatory processes, international organizations, and through working with other industries. Analysis of such strategies is a precondition for fully understanding the nature and extent of tobacco industry influence and for promoting policy coherence between global health concerns and trade, foreign policy and development agendas. Furthermore, the US and many other countries that have implemented wide-ranging tobacco control programs still face considerable difficulties in controlling their tobacco epidemics. Research that addresses ongoing developments in tobacco industry structure and tactics is, therefore, increasingly required to inform more innovative policy developments that will be essential to effectively addressing tobacco use in the future. This proposed project aims to: 1. Contribute to the methodological development of document-based research, examine continuity and change in corporate strategy, and develop a taxonomy of tobacco industry strategies to shape policy. 2. Examine the implications of trade agreements for tobacco control and global health. 3. Analyze the health implications for tobacco control of industry efforts to introduce wide ranging regulatory reforms and to influence non-governmental organizations and examine broader engagement in global health initiatives. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: National and international efforts to reduce the damage from tobacco use risk being undermined by tobacco companies and recent developments in global governance which provide opportunities for tobacco companies to expand sales and influence policy. Yet understanding of how tobacco companies engage with economic, foreign policy and development agendas, and take advantage of and influence trade agreements, regulatory processes and civil society organizations in order to advance their interests remains limited. This project will address these research gaps and, by examining developments in tobacco industry structure and tactics, will inform the development of innovative policy options essential to effectively address tobacco use.




'A preferred consultant and partner to the Royal Government, NGOs, and the community': British American Tobacco's access to policy-makers in Cambodia.
Authors: MacKenzie R. , Collin J. .
Source: Global Public Health, 2017 Apr; 12(4), p. 432-448.
PMID: 27079136
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Standardised Tobacco Packaging: A Health Policy Case Study Of Corporate Conflict Expansion And Adaptation
Authors: Hatchard J.L. , Fooks G.J. , Gilmore A.B. .
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The role of public law-based litigation in tobacco companies' strategies in high-income, FCTC ratifying countries, 2004-14.
Authors: Steele S.L. , Gilmore A.B. , McKee M. , Stuckler D. .
Source: Journal Of Public Health (oxford, England), 2016 Sep; 38(3), p. 516-521.
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The devil is in the detail: tobacco industry political influence in the Dutch implementation of the 2001 EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Authors: Lie J.L. , Willemsen M.C. , de Vries N.K. , Fooks G. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2016 09; 25(5), p. 545-50.
EPub date: 2015-09-08 00:00:00.0.
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The Policy Dystopia Model: An Interpretive Analysis of Tobacco Industry Political Activity.
Authors: Ulucanlar S. , Fooks G.J. , Gilmore A.B. .
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Unpacking Commercial Sector Opposition To European Smoke-free Policy: Lack Of Unity, 'fear Of Association' And Harm Reduction Debates
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Assessment of the European Union's illicit trade agreements with the four major Transnational Tobacco Companies.
Authors: Joossens L. , Gilmore A.B. , Stoklosa M. , Ross H. .
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Tobacco Control and Health Advocacy in the European Union: Understanding Effective Coalition-Building.
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The revision of the 2014 European tobacco products directive: an analysis of the tobacco industry's attempts to 'break the health silo'.
Authors: Peeters S. , Costa H. , Stuckler D. , McKee M. , Gilmore A.B. .
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How does the alcohol industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
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'It will harm business and increase illicit trade': an evaluation of the relevance, quality and transparency of evidence submitted by transnational tobacco companies to the UK consultation on standardised packaging 2012.
Authors: Evans-Reeves K.A. , Hatchard J.L. , Gilmore A.B. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2015 Jun; 24(e2), p. e168-77.
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Corporate coalitions and policy making in the European Union: how and why British American Tobacco promoted "Better Regulation".
Authors: Smith K.E. , Fooks G. , Gilmore A.B. , Collin J. , Weishaar H. .
Source: Journal Of Health Politics, Policy And Law, 2015 Apr; 40(2), p. 325-72.
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Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries.
Authors: Gilmore A.B. , Fooks G. , Drope J. , Bialous S.A. , Jackson R.R. .
Source: Lancet (london, England), 2015-03-14 00:00:00.0; 385(9972), p. 1029-43.
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Understanding the emergence of the tobacco industry's use of the term tobacco harm reduction in order to inform public health policy.
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Source: Tobacco Control, 2015 Mar; 24(2), p. 182-9.
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Capturing complexity: Mixing methods in the analysis of a European tobacco control policy network.
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Seeking out 'easy targets'? Tobacco companies, health inequalities and public policy.
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Quantifying the influence of the tobacco industry on EU governance: automated content analysis of the EU Tobacco Products Directive.
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Source: Tobacco Control, 2014 Nov; 23(6), p. 473-8.
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Support for a tobacco endgame strategy in 18 European countries.
Authors: Gallus S. , Lugo A. , Fernandez E. , Gilmore A.B. , Leon M.E. , Clancy L. , La Vecchia C. .
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E-cigarettes: threat or opportunity?
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Government support for alcohol industry: promoting exports, jeopardising global health?
Authors: Collin J. , Johnson E. , Officer H. , Hill S. .
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EPub date: 2014-06-06 00:00:00.0.
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Illicit cigarettes and hand-rolled tobacco in 18 European countries: a cross-sectional survey.
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The transnational tobacco companies' strategy to promote Codentify, their inadequate tracking and tracing standard.
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The truth about cigarette price increases in Britain.
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Towards a greater understanding of the illicit tobacco trade in Europe: a review of the PMI funded 'Project Star' report.
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Roll-your-own cigarettes in Europe: use, weight and implications for fiscal policies.
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Tobacco industry manipulation of data on and press coverage of the illicit tobacco trade in the UK.
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The Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility: Techniques of Neutralization, Stakeholder Management and Political CSR.
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