Grant Number:	1R01CA153154-01 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Wills, Thomas
Organization:	University Of Hawaii At Manoa
Project Title:	Self-Control as a Moderator for Effects of Mass Media on Adolescent Substance Use
Fiscal Year:	2010

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a substantial prevalence of exposure to smoking and alcohol cues in movies and advertising viewed by adolescents, and these exposures have been indicated as an influence on adolescent smoking and alcohol use. However, there has been little research on factors that moderate the impact of media exposures. Our preliminary data provide evidence that good self-control reduces the impact of media exposures on adolescent smoking and alcohol use, but the scope and mechanism of this effect is not well understood. The proposed research to clarify the nature and mechanisms of moderation will be conducted by a multidisciplinary group of investigators who have been collaborating in studying media effects. The research design incorporates both field research and laboratory studies. The field study will examine the nature of moderation effects in an epidemiologic design with a sample of 1,800 younger adolescents followed over a 4-year period, while four laboratory studies with samples of 120 adolescents and young adults in 3 sites will examine specific hypotheses about the mechanism of moderation effects in controlled research with explicit and implicit cognitive measures. The research is based on a dual-process theoretical model which hypothesizes that good self-control will have a protective moderation effect for onset and/or progression of smoking and alcohol use whereas poor regulation will have a vulnerability effect. This will be investigated in the field study through testing how pathways from media exposure to expectancies, peer affiliations, and smoking/drinking behavior differ for self-control subgroups. The laboratory studies are designed to investigate four hypothesized mechanisms of moderation through studying effects of self- control constructs on encoding of information and enactment of proximal influences for substance use. We hypothesize that moderation may occur through differential encoding of risk and reward cues in media presentations; differential reactions to seeing smokers and drinkers in media; differential memory accessibility of expectancies about smoking and alcohol use; or differences in social competence and resistance efficacy in peer situations where there is pressure for smoking or drinking. The combination of field and laboratory studies will provide more detailed knowledge about media effects on adolescent smoking and alcohol use than can be obtained from either design conducted alone. The proposed research has theoretical significance because it provides an opportunity to obtain new knowledge about a moderation effect that has not been extensively studied. Findings from the research will be useful for informing media literacy programs by showing more about the processes through which adolescents interact with media presentations and suggesting strategies for designing health communications for more or less vulnerable groups. Thus the research program will have implications for both basic research on media influence and for media-oriented prevention research on smoking/alcohol use. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is relevant to public health because it studies exposure to tobacco and alcohol cues in mass media, an exposure that is spread through the population of adolescents and has an impact on uptake of cigarette smoking and early alcohol use. The project will yield findings about factors that can reduce the impact of media exposures on health-related behaviors such as cigarette smoking. The results will be useful for educational programs that teach adolescents how to deal better with persuasive communications such as advertising and with exposure to potentially adverse influences in entertainment media such as movies and television.




Association of Non-Cigarette Tobacco Advertisements and Racial Discrimination With Non-Cigarette Tobacco Product Use Among Black Adults.
Authors: Jackson A. , Fleischli M.E. , Haeny A.M. , Rose S.W. , Fagan P. , Krishnan-Sarin S. , Gerrard M. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2023-03-22 00:00:00.0; 25(4), p. 781-787.
PMID: 36169563
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Association of racial discrimination in health care settings and use of electronic cigarettes to quit smoking among Black adults.
Authors: Jackson A.B. , Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Haeny A.M. , Bold K.W. , Suttiratana S.C. , Fagan P. , Krishnan-Sarin S. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment, 2023-02-22 00:00:00.0; , p. 208985.
EPub date: 2023-02-22 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 36822270
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Racial centrality mediates the association between adolescent racial discrimination and adult cigarette smoking outcomes among Black Americans.
Authors: Haeny A.M. , Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Gerrard M. , Lopez J. , Beach S.R.H. .
Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982), 2023 Jan; 316, p. 115225.
EPub date: 2022-07-21 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 35931591
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E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder in an adult sample.
Authors: Wills T.A. , Pagano I. , Williams R.J. , Tam E.K. .
Source: Drug And Alcohol Dependence, 2018-11-07 00:00:00.0; 194, p. 363-370.
EPub date: 2018-11-07 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 30472577
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E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents.
Authors: Schweitzer R.J. , Wills T.A. , Tam E. , Pagano I. , Choi K. .
Source: Preventive Medicine, 2017-09-27 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2017-09-27 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 28964850
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Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Soneji S. , Barrington-Trimis J.L. , Wills T.A. , Leventhal A.M. , Unger J.B. , Gibson L.A. , Yang J. , Primack B.A. , Andrews J.A. , Miech R.A. , et al. .
Source: Jama Pediatrics, 2017-08-01 00:00:00.0; 171(8), p. 788-797.
PMID: 28654986
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E-Cigarettes and Adolescents' Risk Status.
Authors: Wills T.A. .
Source: Pediatrics, 2017 Feb; 139(2), .
PMID: 28115538
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Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii.
Authors: Wills T.A. , Knight R. , Sargent J.D. , Gibbons F.X. , Pagano I. , Williams R.J. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2017 Jan; 26(1), p. 34-39.
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How Is The Effect Of Adolescent E-cigarette Use On Smoking Onset Mediated: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Wills T.A. , Gibbons F.X. , Sargent J.D. , Schweitzer R.J. .
Source: Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors : Journal Of The Society Of Psychologists In Addictive Behaviors, 2016-09-26 00:00:00.0; , .
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E-cigarette Use Is Differentially Related To Smoking Onset Among Lower Risk Adolescents
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Impulsivity Moderates The Effects Of Movie Alcohol Portrayals On Adolescents' Willingness To Drink
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Source: Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors : Journal Of The Society Of Psychologists In Addictive Behaviors, 2016 May; 30(3), p. 325-34.
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E-cigarette use and willingness to smoke: a sample of adolescent non-smokers.
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Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents.
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Coping with racial discrimination: the role of substance use.
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Media as social influence: racial differences in the effects of peers and media on adolescent alcohol cognitions and consumption.
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