Grant Number:	1R01CA136888-01A1 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Ockene, Judith
Organization:	Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester
Project Title:	Rct for Smoking Cessation in 10 Medical Schools
Fiscal Year:	2009

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Each year smoking kills 430,000 U.S citizens, exacerbates a myriad of diseases, and costs society approximately $100 billion. Despite the proliferation of information and restrictive smoking policies, adult smoking prevalence has remained relatively stable during the past five years, currently at 21%. Brief physician- delivered tobacco treatment, commonly known as "the 5As", is an evidence-based intervention demonstrated to double a smoker's likelihood of quitting. Given that 70% of smokers see a physician each year, it is imperative that all clinicians have the appropriate knowledge and skill level to counsel smokers. However, few physicians and physicians-in-training receive adequate training to develop these skills. Using a pair-matched, randomized group-controlled (RGC) design (implemented in 10 medical schools), we will compare two methods of teaching the 5As to medical students: 1) traditional medical education (TE), and 2) multi-modal education (MME) that adds two components to TE: a web-based instructional program for students and preceptor training. The primary outcome is observed tobacco treatment counseling skill as measured by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), the standard method for evaluating medical student skill level at all U.S. medical schools. A secondary outcome is self-reported tobacco treatment counseling skill level. In a nested cohort design, during the second year of the study a cohort of medical students will be followed from early in their first year of medical school (MS1) through the end of their third year (MS3) which occurs in the 4th year of the study. The Primary Aim of this RGC trial is to compare the effectiveness of MME for teaching the 5As counseling skills in medical school against TE. Hypothesis 1: MME will outperform TE on observed 5As counseling skills (OSCE). Hypothesis 2: MME will outperform TE on self-reported 5As counseling skills. Strengths of this study include: 1) the innovative study design that tests common and integrative teaching methods and 2) the potential to disseminate throughout US medical schools effective educational methods that can build physicians' skills to assist the millions of patients who continue to smoke. This is a unique window of opportunity to build on our team's prior research in medical education and tobacco dependence treatment. This study involves close collaboration among researchers, practitioners, educators, and stakeholders at 10 U.S. medical schools. This unique team is comprised of investigators with extensive experience developing and teaching an evidence-based, physician-delivered 5A tobacco treatment model; developing and evaluating a web-based tobacco dependence treatment course; implementation of academic detailing with physician preceptors; and experience in building a large medical school consortium for tobacco curriculum reform. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Each year, smoking kills 430,000 U.S citizens, exacerbates myriad diseases, and costs society approximately $100 billion. Brief physician-delivered tobacco cessation counseling, commonly known as "the 5As", is an evidence-based intervention strategy that has been shown to double a smoker's likelihood of quitting. Although 70% of smokers see a physician each year, few physicians are skilled in tobacco cessation treatment, making it imperative that all clinicians and all physicians-in-training have the appropriate knowledge and skill level to counsel their patients who smoke. The goal of this group randomized trial conducted at 10 medical schools is to test the effectiveness of two conditions using different methods for teaching the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) to medical students on their observed and reported counseling behaviors.




Teaching Medical Students to Help Patients Quit Smoking: Outcomes of a 10-School Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Ockene J.K. , Hayes R.B. , Churchill L.C. , Crawford S.L. , Jolicoeur D.G. , Murray D.M. , Shoben A.B. , David S.P. , Ferguson K.J. , Huggett K.N. , et al. .
Source: Journal Of General Internal Medicine, 2016 Feb; 31(2), p. 172-81.
PMID: 26391030
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Academic Detailing Interventions Improve Tobacco Use Treatment among Physicians Working in Underserved Communities.
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Source: Annals Of The American Thoracic Society, 2015 Jun; 12(6), p. 854-8.
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Tobacco counseling experience prior to starting medical school, tobacco treatment self-efficacy and knowledge among first-year medical students in the United States.
Authors: Xiao R.S. , Hayes R.B. , Waring M.E. , Geller A.C. , Churchill L.C. , Okuyemi K.S. , Adams M. , Huggett K.N. , Ockene J.K. .
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Medical school curriculum characteristics associated with intentions and frequency of tobacco dependence treatment among 3rd year U.S. medical students.
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Behavioral economic insights into physician tobacco treatment decision-making.
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Assessing Medical Students' Tobacco Dependence Treatment Skills Using a Detailed Behavioral Checklist.
Authors: Mazor K.M. , Jolicoeur D. , Hayes R.B. , Geller A.C. , Churchill L. , Ockene J.K. .
Source: Teaching And Learning In Medicine, 2015; 27(3), p. 292-8.
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Teaching tobacco dependence treatment and counseling skills during medical school: rationale and design of the Medical Students helping patients Quit tobacco (MSQuit) group randomized controlled trial.
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Tobacco dependence treatment teaching by medical school clerkship preceptors: survey responses from more than 1,000 US medical students.
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Developing a Rational Approach to Tobacco Use Treatment in Pulmonary Practice: A Review of the Biological Basis of Nicotine Addiction.
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Can we improve adherence to preventive therapies for cardiovascular health?
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Behavior matters.
Authors: Fisher E.B. , Fitzgibbon M.L. , Glasgow R.E. , Haire-Joshu D. , Hayman L.L. , Kaplan R.M. , Nanney M.S. , Ockene J.K. .
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