Grant Number:	2R01DA021898-06A2 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Gibbons, Frederick
Organization:	Iowa State University
Project Title:	Factors Influencing the Health Behavior of Young African American Adults
Fiscal Year:	2008

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks funding for continuation and expansion of the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), which includes approximately 900 African American families. Four waves of data have already been collected. Each wave included interviews with a target child (target; age 10/11 at Wave 1) and the target's primary caregiver (PC); plus a secondary caregiver (SC) and an older sibling (sib; age 13/14 at Wave 1), when they were available. Waves 5 and 6 will take the targets and sibs into a developmental period emerging adulthood (EA) that has been shown to be critical in terms of the development of problems associated with substance use and abuse, and also risky sexual behavior, including HIV risk. Analyses based on the first four waves have provided valuable information regarding the manner in which family interaction, community context, racial discrimination, and disposition (e.g., temperament, self-control) combine to influence the adolescents' health behaviors, including their substance use and sexual behavior. Using the prototype / willingness model as a theoretical base, we have focused on factors that moderate these influences (as buffers and risk factors), and the cognitions and dispositions that mediate them. Some previous studies have examined changes in risk behavior during EA, but few of them have the advantage of also including a significant array of measures dating back to preadolescence, in this case, 2-3 years prior to the typical age of risk behavior onset. Very few existing studies in this area include African American families; none of them also includes significant contextual measures (e.g., neighborhood risk, GIS data) and extensive data from other family members, including their substance use, risk cognitions, parenting styles, and dispositional characteristics. In short, in many ways, the existing FACHS project and the FACHS sample are unique. This proposal is designed to expand the FACHS project in three ways: (a) Follow the targets and sibs as they transition into EA, focusing on factors that influence their substance use and abuse habits and their risky sexual behavior; (b) Collect genetic data from the targets in order to examine the influence of genes in terms of main effects and gene x environment (GxE) interactions and correlations on their health risk behaviors, thereby allowing us to examine the extent to which findings established primarily with Caucasian samples can be used to inform the discussion of substance use and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) in African Americans; and (c) Collect data from the targets' best friend and romantic partner, if they have one, regarding the same risk cognitions and health behaviors (their own and the target's). These two additional sources will provide useful information about the risk behaviors of young African Americans and the social factors that influence those behaviors.7. PROJECT NARRATIVE This project will provide information about the environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors that influence the substance use and risky sexual behavior of African American adolescents as they move into early adulthood. This information will be of use in terms of furthering understanding of the etiology of HIV risk and substance abuse, and informing the development of interventions that will reduce the risk of these negative health outcomes.




Association of Non-Cigarette Tobacco Advertisements and Racial Discrimination With Non-Cigarette Tobacco Product Use Among Black Adults.
Authors: Jackson A. , Fleischli M.E. , Haeny A.M. , Rose S.W. , Fagan P. , Krishnan-Sarin S. , Gerrard M. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2023-03-22 00:00:00.0; 25(4), p. 781-787.
PMID: 36169563
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Association of racial discrimination in health care settings and use of electronic cigarettes to quit smoking among Black adults.
Authors: Jackson A.B. , Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Haeny A.M. , Bold K.W. , Suttiratana S.C. , Fagan P. , Krishnan-Sarin S. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment, 2023-02-22 00:00:00.0; , p. 208985.
EPub date: 2023-02-22 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 36822270
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Racial centrality mediates the association between adolescent racial discrimination and adult cigarette smoking outcomes among Black Americans.
Authors: Haeny A.M. , Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Gerrard M. , Lopez J. , Beach S.R.H. .
Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982), 2023 Jan; 316, p. 115225.
EPub date: 2022-07-21 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 35931591
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Childhood adversity predicts black young adults' DNA methylation-based accelerated aging: A dual pathway model.
Authors: Beach S.R.H. , Gibbons F.X. , Carter S.E. , Ong M.L. , Lavner J.A. , Lei M.K. , Simons R.L. , Gerrard M. , Philibert R.A. .
Source: Development And Psychopathology, 2021-12-20 00:00:00.0; , p. 1-15.
EPub date: 2021-12-20 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 34924087
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The effect of physical activity on the association between perceived racial discrimination and depression in African Americans.
Authors: Flynn M.H. , Brellenthin A.G. , Meyer J.D. , Cutrona C.E. , Lee D.C. .
Source: Journal Of Affective Disorders, 2021-09-01 00:00:00.0; 292, p. 471-474.
EPub date: 2021-06-05 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 34146898
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Perceived racial discrimination and healthy behavior among African Americans.
Authors: Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. , Fleischli M.E. , Simons R.L. , Kingsbury J.H. .
Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal Of The Division Of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2021 Mar; 40(3), p. 155-165.
PMID: 33630637
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An Examination of Risk Factors for Tobacco and Cannabis Smoke Exposure in Adolescents Using an Epigenetic Biomarker.
Authors: Andersen A. , Gerrard M. , Gibbons F.X. , Beach S.R.H. , Philibert R. .
Source: Frontiers In Psychiatry, 2021; 12, p. 688384.
EPub date: 2021-08-24 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 34504443
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Examining changes in African American mothers' racial socialization patterns during adolescence: Racial discrimination as a predictor.
Authors: Saleem F.T. , Lambert S.F. , Stock M.L. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Developmental Psychology, 2020 Aug; 56(8), p. 1610-1622.
EPub date: 2020-07-02 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 32614209
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Array-Based Epigenetic Aging Indices May Be Racially Biased.
Authors: Philibert R. , Beach S.R.H. , Lei M.K. , Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. , Simons R.L. , Dogan M.V. .
Source: Genes, 2020-06-22 00:00:00.0; 11(6), .
EPub date: 2020-06-22 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 32580526
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Socially Demoralizing Environments and the Development of the Street Code from Childhood to Emerging Adulthood.
Authors: Berg M.T. , Lei M.K. , Simons R.L. .
Source: Journal Of Quantitative Criminology, 2020 Mar; 36(1), p. 207-233.
EPub date: 2019-08-26 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 33776198
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Racial Discrimination as a Risk Factor for African American Men's Physical Partner Violence: A Longitudinal Test of Mediators and Moderators.
Authors: Sutton T.E. , Gordon Simons L. , Martin B.T. , Klopack E.T. , Gibbons F.X. , Beach S.R.H. , Simons R.L. .
Source: Violence Against Women, 2020 02; 26(2), p. 164-190.
EPub date: 2019-03-01 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 30822237
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The effect of early discrimination on accelerated aging among African Americans.
Authors: Carter S.E. , Ong M.L. , Simons R.L. , Gibbons F.X. , Lei M.K. , Beach S.R.H. .
Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal Of The Division Of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2019 Nov; 38(11), p. 1010-1013.
EPub date: 2019-07-25 00:00:00.0.
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The impact of early racial discrimination on illegal behavior, arrest, and incarceration among African Americans.
Authors: Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Gerrard M. , Simons R.L. , Weng C.Y. , Gibson L.P. .
Source: The American Psychologist, 2019-10-17 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2019-10-17 00:00:00.0.
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Testing Life Course Models Whereby Juvenile and Adult Adversity Combine to Influence Speed of Biological Aging.
Authors: Simons R.L. , Lei M.K. , Beach S.R.H. , Simons L.G. , Barr A.B. , Gibbons F.X. , Philibert R.A. .
Source: Journal Of Health And Social Behavior, 2019 09; 60(3), p. 291-308.
EPub date: 2019-08-14 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 31409156
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cancer suppressor gene.
Authors: Simons R.L. , Lei M.K. , Carter S. , Beach S.R.H. , Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. , Philibert R.A. .
Source: Ssm - Population Health, 2019 Apr; 7, p. 100389.
EPub date: 2019-04-29 00:00:00.0.
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Moderation of the effects of discrimination-induced affective responses on health outcomes.
Authors: Gerrard M. , Gibbons F.X. , Fleischli M.E. , Cutrona C.E. , Stock M.L. .
Source: Psychology & Health, 2018 Feb; 33(2), p. 193-212.
EPub date: 2017-04-23 00:00:00.0.
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A Longitudinal Study of Racial Discrimination and Risk for Death Ideation in African American Youth.
Authors: Walker R. , Francis D. , Brody G. , Simons R. , Cutrona C. , Gibbons F. .
Source: Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior, 2017 02; 47(1), p. 86-102.
EPub date: 2016-05-03 00:00:00.0.
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The Impact Of African American Parents' Racial Discrimination Experiences And Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion On Their Racial Socialization Practices
Authors: Saleem F.T. , English D. , Busby D.R. , Lambert S.F. , Harrison A. , Stock M.L. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 2016 Jul; 45(7), p. 1338-49.
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Impulsivity Moderates The Effects Of Movie Alcohol Portrayals On Adolescents' Willingness To Drink
Authors: Gibbons F.X. , Kingsbury J.H. , Wills T.A. , Finneran S.D. , Dal Cin S. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors : Journal Of The Society Of Psychologists In Addictive Behaviors, 2016 May; 30(3), p. 325-34.
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Factors that Influence Trajectories of Delinquency Throughout Adolescence.
Authors: Evans S.Z. , Simons L.G. , Simons R.L. .
Source: Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 2016 Jan; 45(1), p. 156-71.
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Harsh Environments, Life History Strategies, and Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study of Oregon Youth.
Authors: Hampson S.E. , Andrews J.A. , Barckley M. , Gerrard M. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Personality And Individual Differences, 2016-01-01 00:00:00.0; 88, p. 120-124.
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The Role of Body Size in Mate Selection among African American Young Adults.
Authors: Granberg E.M. , Simons L.G. , Simons R.L. .
Source: Sex Roles, 2015-10-01 00:00:00.0; 73(7-8), p. 340-354.
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Adolescent alcohol use: Social comparison orientation moderates the impact of friend and sibling behaviour.
Authors: Litt D.M. , Stock M.L. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: British Journal Of Health Psychology, 2015 Sep; 20(3), p. 514-33.
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It only takes once: The absent-exempt heuristic and reactions to comparison-based sexual risk information.
Authors: Stock M.L. , Gibbons F.X. , Beekman J.B. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 2015 Jul; 109(1), p. 35-52.
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Pubertal timing and sexual risk behaviors among rural African American male youth: testing a model based on life history theory.
Authors: Kogan S.M. , Cho J. , Simons L.G. , Allen K.A. , Beach S.R. , Simons R.L. , Gibbons F.X. .
Source: Archives Of Sexual Behavior, 2015 Apr; 44(3), p. 609-18.
EPub date: 2014-12-12 00:00:00.0.
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Individual differences in situation awareness: validation of the situationism scale.
Authors: Roberts M.E. , Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. , Klein W.M. .
Source: The Journal Of Social Psychology, 2015 Mar-Apr; 155(2), p. 143-62.
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The effect of neighborhood disadvantage, social ties, and genetic variation on the antisocial behavior of African American women: a multilevel analysis.
Authors: Lei M.K. , Simons R.L. , Edmond M.B. , Simons L.G. , Cutrona C.E. .
Source: Development And Psychopathology, 2014 Nov; 26(4 Pt 1), p. 1113-28.
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INCORPORATING ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, ACTIVITY SPACES, AND SITUATIONAL DEFINITIONS INTO THE SOCIAL SCHEMATIC THEORY OF CRIME.
Authors: Simons R.L. , Burt C.H. , Barr A.B. , Lei M.K. , Stewart E. .
Source: Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2014 Nov; 52(4), p. 655-687.
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Not intending but somewhat willing: the influence of visual primes on risky sex decisions.
Authors: Roberts M.E. , Gibbons F.X. , Kingsbury J.H. , Gerrard M. .
Source: British Journal Of Health Psychology, 2014 Sep; 19(3), p. 553-65.
EPub date: 2013-06-20 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 23782035
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Paternal Hostility and Maternal Hostility in European American and African American Families.
Authors: Wu E.Y. , Reeb B.T. , Martin M.J. , Gibbons F.X. , Simons R.L. , Conger R.D. .
Source: Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 2014-06-01 00:00:00.0; 76(3), p. 638-651.
PMID: 25045174
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Effects of perceived racial discrimination on health status and health behavior: a differential mediation hypothesis.
Authors: Gibbons F.X. , Kingsbury J.H. , Weng C.Y. , Gerrard M. , Cutrona C. , Wills T.A. , Stock M. .
Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal Of The Division Of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2014 Jan; 33(1), p. 11-9.
PMID: 24417690
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Gender equality and violent behavior: how neighborhood gender equality influences the gender gap in violence.
Authors: Lei M.K. , Simons R.L. , Simons L.G. , Edmond M.B. .
Source: Violence And Victims, 2014; 29(1), p. 89-108.
PMID: 24672996
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Specificity of early movie effects on adolescent sexual behavior and alcohol use.
Authors: O'Hara R.E. , Gibbons F.X. , Li Z. , Gerrard M. , Sargent J.D. .
Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982), 2013 Nov; 96, p. 200-7.
EPub date: 2013-08-13 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 24034968
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Exploring the impact of skin tone on family dynamics and race-related outcomes.
Authors: Landor A.M. , Simons L.G. , Simons R.L. , Brody G.H. , Bryant C.M. , Gibbons F.X. , Granberg E.M. , Melby J.N. .
Source: Journal Of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal Of The Division Of Family Psychology Of The American Psychological Association (division 43), 2013 Oct; 27(5), p. 817-26.
EPub date: 2013-09-16 00:00:00.0.
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Avoiding adolescent pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis of African-American youth.
Authors: Kogan S.M. , Cho J. , Allen K. , Lei M.K. , Beach S.R. , Gibbons F.X. , Simons L.G. , Simons R.L. , Brody G.H. .
Source: The Journal Of Adolescent Health : Official Publication Of The Society For Adolescent Medicine, 2013 Jul; 53(1), p. 14-20.
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The contribution of community and family contexts to African American young adults' romantic relationship health: a prospective analysis.
Authors: Kogan S.M. , Lei M.K. , Grange C.R. , Simons R.L. , Brody G.H. , Gibbons F.X. , Chen Y.F. .
Source: Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 2013 Jun; 42(6), p. 878-90.
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The effects of racial discrimination on the HIV-risk cognitions and behaviors of Black adolescents and young adults.
Authors: Stock M.L. , Peterson L.M. , Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Health Psychology : Official Journal Of The Division Of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2013 May; 32(5), p. 543-50.
PMID: 23646837
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Genetic Moderation of the Impact of Parenting on Hostility toward Romantic Partners.
Authors: Simons R.L. , Simons L.G. , Lei M.K. , Beach S.R. , Brody G.H. , Gibbons F.X. , Philibert R.A. .
Source: Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 2013 Apr; 75(2), p. 325-341.
PMID: 24379481
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Coping with racial discrimination: the role of substance use.
Authors: Gerrard M. , Stock M.L. , Roberts M.E. , Gibbons F.X. , O'Hara R.E. , Weng C.Y. , Wills T.A. .
Source: Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors : Journal Of The Society Of Psychologists In Addictive Behaviors, 2012 Sep; 26(3), p. 550-60.
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Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience.
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Source: American Sociological Review, 2012 Aug; 77(4), p. 648-677.
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The impact of stress on the life history strategies of African American adolescents: cognitions, genetic moderation, and the role of discrimination.
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Source: Developmental Psychology, 2012 May; 48(3), p. 722-39.
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The erosive effects of racism: reduced self-control mediates the relation between perceived racial discrimination and substance use in African American adolescents.
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Source: Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 2012 May; 102(5), p. 1089-104.
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Coordinated changes in AHRR methylation in lymphoblasts and pulmonary macrophages from smokers.
Authors: Monick M.M. , Beach S.R. , Plume J. , Sears R. , Gerrard M. , Brody G.H. , Philibert R.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication Of The International Society Of Psychiatric Genetics, 2012 Mar; 159B(2), p. 141-51.
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Perceived racial discrimination as a barrier to college enrollment for African Americans.
Authors: O'Hara R.E. , Gibbons F.X. , Weng C.Y. , Gerrard M. , Simons R.L. .
Source: Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012 Jan; 38(1), p. 77-89.
EPub date: 2011-09-01 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 21885858
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From racial discrimination to risky sex: prospective relations involving peers and parents.
Authors: Roberts M.E. , Gibbons F.X. , Gerrard M. , Weng C.Y. , Murry V.M. , Simons L.G. , Simons R.L. , Lorenz F.O. .
Source: Developmental Psychology, 2012 Jan; 48(1), p. 89-102.
EPub date: 2011-09-26 00:00:00.0.
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DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CONTEXT: A PROMISING MODEL OF THE INTERPLAY OF GENES AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.
Authors: Simons R.L. , Beach S.R. , Barr A.B. .
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Social Environmental Variation, Plasticity Genes, and Aggression: Evidence for the Differential Susceptibility Hypothesis.
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Source: American Sociological Review, 2011 Dec; 76(6), p. 833-912.
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Racial identification, racial discrimination, and substance use vulnerability among African American young adults.
Authors: Stock M.L. , Gibbons F.X. , Walsh L.A. , Gerrard M. .
Source: Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 2011 Oct; 37(10), p. 1349-61.
EPub date: 2011-05-31 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 21628598
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Mechanisms of Family Impact on African American Adolescents' HIV-Related Behavior.
Authors: Kogan S.M. , Brody G.H. , Gibbons F.X. , Chen Y.F. , Grange C.M. , Simons R.L. , Gerrard M. , Cutrona C.E. .
Source: Journal Of Research On Adolescence : The Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Adolescence, 2011 Jun; 21(2), p. 361-375.
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Media as social influence: racial differences in the effects of peers and media on adolescent alcohol cognitions and consumption.
Authors: Gibbons F.X. , Pomery E.A. , Gerrard M. , Sargent J.D. , Weng C.Y. , Wills T.A. , Kingsbury J. , Dal Cin S. , Worth K.A. , Stoolmiller M. , et al. .
Source: Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors : Journal Of The Society Of Psychologists In Addictive Behaviors, 2010 Dec; 24(4), p. 649-59.
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