Grant Number:	1R01CA087571-01A2 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Daynard, Richard
Organization:	Northeastern University
Project Title:	Influence of Legal Context on Tobacco Industry Behavior
Fiscal Year:	2002

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The investigators propose to examine the evidence demonstrating how legal context has influenced tobacco industry conduct related to smoking and health. Data sources will include electronic and depository collections of internal tobacco industry documents including approximately 80 boxes of newly available deprivileged documents which have not been indexed. In addition, subjectively and objectively coded documents and substantial litigation-related resources are provided by a major tobacco litigation law firm. A publicly available database-driven document collection and related series of analyses focusing on how legal context determines tobacco industry action on smoking and health will be submitted to peer-reviewed public health or medical journals. The Research Aims that document research and analyses will focus on include: (1) How liability concerns led to the repression of "safer" tobacco products; (2) The interplay of lawyers, legal doctrine and the client in the tobacco context and the implications of these relationships as they relate to decades of tobacco industry concealment of information on smoking and health; (3) Lawyer control of internal and external research within each company and among companies acting in concert; (4) Legal ethics of attorneys representing the industry and use of aggressive litigation tactics to frustrate public health objectives, and (5) Describe what role industry lawyers may have played in creating laws that protect the companies (e.g., tobacco lawyers participation in drafting of the Restatement of Torts (2d)'s proclamation that "good tobacco is not defective" or the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, or the legislation to immunize tobacco companies from liability). The analyses and supporting documents will serve as a predictor of industry behavior in response to mounting legal pressures.




"We're Part of the Solution": Evolution of the Food and Beverage Industry's Framing of Obesity Concerns Between 2000 and 2012.
Authors: Nixon L. , Mejia P. , Cheyne A. , Wilking C. , Dorfman L. , Daynard R. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2015 Nov; 105(11), p. 2228-36.
PMID: 26378841
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Fast-food fights: news coverage of local efforts to improve food environments through land-use regulations, 2001-2013. [corrected].
Authors: Nixon L. , Mejia P. , Dorfman L. , Cheyne A. , Young S. , Friedman L.C. , Gottlieb M.A. , Wooten H. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2015 Mar; 105(3), p. 490-6.
PMID: 25602875
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Tobacco industry use of personal responsibility rhetoric in public relations and litigation: disguising freedom to blame as freedom of choice.
Authors: Friedman L.C. , Cheyne A. , Givelber D. , Gottlieb M.A. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2015 Feb; 105(2), p. 250-60.
PMID: 25521876
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Retail impact of raising tobacco sales age to 21 years.
Authors: Winickoff J.P. , Hartman L. , Chen M.L. , Gottlieb M. , Nabi-Burza E. , DiFranza J.R. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2014 Nov; 104(11), p. e18-21.
PMID: 25211755
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The debate on regulating menthol cigarettes: closing a dangerous loophole vs freedom of choice.
Authors: Cheyne A. , Dorfman L. , Daynard R.A. , Mejia P. , Gottlieb M. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2014 Jul; 104(7), p. e54-61.
PMID: 24832437
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The origins of personal responsibility rhetoric in news coverage of the tobacco industry.
Authors: Mejia P. , Dorfman L. , Cheyne A. , Nixon L. , Friedman L. , Gottlieb M. , Daynard R. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2014 Jun; 104(6), p. 1048-51.
PMID: 24825205
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Dorfman et al. respond.
Authors: Dorfman L. , Cheyne A. , Gottlieb M.A. , Mejia P. , Nixon L. , Friedman L.C. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2014 Jun; 104(6), p. e3.
PMID: 24825228
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Children's reaction to depictions of healthy foods in fast-food television advertisements.
Authors: Bernhardt A.M. , Wilking C. , Gottlieb M. , Emond J. , Sargent J.D. .
Source: Jama Pediatrics, 2014 May; 168(5), p. 422-6.
PMID: 24686476
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Cigarettes become a dangerous product: tobacco in the rearview mirror, 1952-1965.
Authors: Dorfman L. , Cheyne A. , Gottlieb M.A. , Mejia P. , Nixon L. , Friedman L.C. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2014 Jan; 104(1), p. 37-46.
PMID: 24228675
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Beyond cheeseburgers: the impact of commonsense consumption acts on future obesity-related lawsuits.
Authors: Wilking C.L. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: Food And Drug Law Journal, 2013; 68(3), p. 229-39, i.
PMID: 24640608
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Soda and tobacco industry corporate social responsibility campaigns: how do they compare?
Authors: Dorfman L. , Cheyne A. , Friedman L.C. , Wadud A. , Gottlieb M. .
Source: Plos Medicine, 2012; 9(6), p. e1001241.
PMID: 22723745
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Ethical implications of physician involvement in lawsuits on behalf of the tobacco industry.
Authors: Alderman J. .
Source: The Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics : A Journal Of The American Society Of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2007 Winter; 35(4), p. 692-8, 513.
PMID: 18076519
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Philip Morris's website and television commercials use new language to mislead the public into believing it has changed its stance on smoking and disease.
Authors: Friedman L.C. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2007 Dec; 16(6), p. e9.
PMID: 18048599
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Scottish court dismisses a historic smoker's suit.
Authors: Friedman L. , Daynard R. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2007 Oct; 16(5), p. e4.
PMID: 17897973
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Tobacco industry lawyers as "disease vectors".
Authors: Guardino S.D. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2007 Aug; 16(4), p. 224-8.
PMID: 17652236
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Tobacco industry use of judicial seminars to influence rulings in products liability litigation.
Authors: Friedman L.C. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2006 Apr; 15(2), p. 120-4.
PMID: 16565460
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Junking good science: undoing Daubert v Merrill Dow through cross-examination and argument.
Authors: Givelber D. , Strickler L. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2006 Jan; 96(1), p. 33-7.
PMID: 16317200
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Applying lessons from tobacco litigation to obesity lawsuits.
Authors: Alderman J. , Daynard R.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 2006 Jan; 30(1), p. 82-8.
PMID: 16414429
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The role of litigation in tobacco control.
Authors: Miura M. , Daynard R.A. , Samet J.M. .
Source: Salud Pública De México, 2006; 48 Suppl 1, p. S121-36.
PMID: 17684674
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Public health vs. Philip Morris: is it a zero-sum game?
Authors: Daynard R.A. .
Source: Journal Of Public Health Policy, 2005 Dec; 26(4), p. 469-73.
PMID: 16392745
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How tobacco-friendly science escapes scrutiny in the courtroom.
Authors: Friedman L.C. , Daynard R.A. , Banthin C.N. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2005; 95 Suppl 1, p. S16-20.
PMID: 16030332
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