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Grant Details

Grant Number: 5R01CA077305-03 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator: John, Esther
Organization: Cancer Prevention Instit Of California
Project Title: Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer
Fiscal Year: 2001


Abstract

Experimental evidence and ecologic correlation studies support the hypothesis that vitamin D may reduce breast cancer risk. Yet this novel hypothesis is largely untested in human populations. An on-going population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Hispanic, African-American, and White Women will assess the associations with sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake. On-going molecular research by one of the investigations of this applications suggests that polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are related to the breast cancer risk. We therefore propose to expand the on-going case- control study in order to broaden our examination of the relation with vitamin D. In addition to the interview data being collected, we propose to obtain blood samples for a subset of study participants and to extend the case and control ascertainment by 10 months. Eligible cases will include women aged 35-79 and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between May 1997 and February 1999. Cases will be identified through the cancer registries in the Greater San Francisco Bay area; controls will be selected from the general population through random-digit dialing. Professional interviewers will collect interview data, measure skin pigmentation, and obtain blood specimens through home visits. Blood specimens and risk factor data will be available for an estimated 640 cases (245 Hispanics, 225 Whites, and 170 African-Americans) and 960 controls (365 Hispanics, 340 Whites, and 255 African-Americans). We will assess (1) the association with two markers (poly-A and FOKI) of the VDR gene in Hispanics and Whites; (2) the association with the BsmI/poly-A haplotype in African-Americans; and (3) the possible modifying effect of VDR genotype on the association with sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake. We will also bank DNA, buffy coat, and plasma for future molecular epidemiologic studies. Building upon the infrastructure of the on-going study, we have the opportunity to establish a valuable resource for more thoroughly assessing the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer risk; for conducting future molecular epidemiologic research as new biomarkers and genes will be identified in the future; and for investigating gene-environment interactions in a multi-ethnic population. Since vitamin D exposure is potentially modifiable, the proposed research may have important implications for new approaches to breast cancer prevention.



Publications

Cumulative menstrual months and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities Study.
Authors: Cole S.E. , John E.M. , Hines L.M. , Phipps A.I. , Koo J. , Ingles S.A. , Baumgartner K.B. , Slattery M.L. , McKean-Cowden R. , Wu A.H. .
Source: International Journal Of Cancer, 2021-09-01 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2021-09-01 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 34469597
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Menstrual and reproductive characteristics and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status and ethnicity: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities study.
Authors: John E.M. , Phipps A.I. , Hines L.M. , Koo J. , Ingles S.A. , Baumgartner K.B. , Slattery M.L. , Wu A.H. .
Source: International Journal Of Cancer, 2020-02-16 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2020-02-16 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 32064598
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Identification of novel common breast cancer risk variants at the 6q25 locus among Latinas.
Authors: Hoffman J. , Fejerman L. , Hu D. , Huntsman S. , Li M. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Kushi L. , Ding Y.C. , Weitzel J. , et al. .
Source: Breast Cancer Research : Bcr, 2019-01-14 00:00:00.0; 21(1), p. 3.
EPub date: 2019-01-14 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 30642363
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Measuring serum melatonin in postmenopausal women: Implications for epidemiologic studies and breast cancer studies.
Authors: Chu L.W. , John E.M. , Yang B. , Kurian A.W. , Zia Y. , Yu K. , Ingles S.A. , Stanczyk F.Z. , Hsing A.W. .
Source: Plos One, 2018; 13(4), p. e0195666.
EPub date: 2018-04-11 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 29641614
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Red meat, poultry, and fish intake and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic white women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Kim A.E. , Lundgreen A. , Wolff R.K. , Fejerman L. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejía G. , Ingles S.A. , Boone S.D. , Connor A.E. , Hines L.M. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2016 Apr; 27(4), p. 527-43.
PMID: 26898200
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Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Connor A.E. , Baumgartner K.B. , Baumgartner R.N. , Pinkston C.M. , Boone S.D. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejía G. , Hines L.M. , Giuliano A.R. , Wolff R.K. , et al. .
Source: Journal Of Women's Health (2002), 2016 Mar; 25(3), p. 299-310.
PMID: 26682495
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Validation Of Self-reported Comorbidity Status Of Breast Cancer Patients With Medical Records: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (cbcsc)
Authors: Vigen C. , Kwan M.L. , John E.M. , Gomez S.L. , Keegan T.H. , Lu Y. , Shariff-Marco S. , Monroe K.R. , Kurian A.W. , Cheng I. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2016 Mar; 27(3), p. 391-401.
PMID: 26797455
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Energy homeostasis genes and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Pellatt A.J. , Lundgreen A. , Wolff R.K. , Hines L. , John E.M. , Slattery M.L. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2016 Jan; 27(1), p. 47-57.
PMID: 26472474
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Associations between ALOX, COX, and CRP polymorphisms and breast cancer among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: The breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: Connor A.E. , Baumgartner R.N. , Baumgartner K.B. , Pinkston C.M. , Boone S.D. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejía G. , Hines L.M. , Giuliano A.R. , Wolff R.K. , et al. .
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis, 2015 Dec; 54(12), p. 1541-53.
PMID: 25339205
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Intersection Of Race/ethnicity And Socioeconomic Status In Mortality After Breast Cancer
Authors: Shariff-Marco S. , Yang J. , John E.M. , Kurian A.W. , Cheng I. , Leung R. , Koo J. , Monroe K.R. , Henderson B.E. , Bernstein L. , et al. .
Source: Journal Of Community Health, 2015 Dec; 40(6), p. 1287-99.
PMID: 26072260
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Energy homeostasis genes and breast cancer risk: The influence of ancestry, body size, and menopausal status, the breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Lundgreen A. , Hines L. , Wolff R.K. , Torres-Mejia G. , Baumgartner K.N. , John E.M. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, 2015 Dec; 39(6), p. 1113-22.
PMID: 26395295
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Interaction between common breast cancer susceptibility variants, genetic ancestry, and nongenetic risk factors in Hispanic women.
Authors: Fejerman L. , Stern M.C. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejía G. , Hines L.M. , Wolff R.K. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , Ziv E. , Pérez-Stable E.J. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2015 Nov; 24(11), p. 1731-8.
PMID: 26364163
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Active and passive cigarette smoking and mortality among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.
Authors: Boone S.D. , Baumgartner K.B. , Baumgartner R.N. , Connor A.E. , John E.M. , Giuliano A.R. , Hines L.M. , Rai S.N. , Riley E.C. , Pinkston C.M. , et al. .
Source: Annals Of Epidemiology, 2015 Nov; 25(11), p. 824-31.
PMID: 26387598
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Impact of neighborhoods and body size on survival after breast cancer diagnosis.
Authors: Shariff-Marco S. , Gomez S.L. , Sangaramoorthy M. , Yang J. , Koo J. , Hertz A. , John E.M. , Cheng I. , Keegan T.H. .
Source: Health & Place, 2015 Nov; 36, p. 162-72.
PMID: 26606455
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Contribution Of The Neighborhood Environment And Obesity To Breast Cancer Survival: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium
Authors: Cheng I. , Shariff-Marco S. , Koo J. , Monroe K.R. , Yang J. , John E.M. , Kurian A.W. , Kwan M.L. , Henderson B.E. , Bernstein L. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2015 Aug; 24(8), p. 1282-90.
PMID: 26063477
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History Of Recreational Physical Activity And Survival After Breast Cancer: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium
Authors: Lu Y. , John E.M. , Sullivan-Halley J. , Vigen C. , Gomez S.L. , Kwan M.L. , Caan B.J. , Lee V.S. , Roh J.M. , Shariff-Marco S. , et al. .
Source: American Journal Of Epidemiology, 2015-06-15 00:00:00.0; 181(12), p. 944-55.
PMID: 25925388
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Diabetes And Other Comorbidities In Breast Cancer Survival By Race/ethnicity: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (cbcsc)
Authors: Wu A.H. , Kurian A.W. , Kwan M.L. , John E.M. , Lu Y. , Keegan T.H. , Gomez S.L. , Cheng I. , Shariff-Marco S. , Caan B.J. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2015 Feb; 24(2), p. 361-8.
PMID: 25425578
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Body size throughout adult life influences postmenopausal breast cancer risk among hispanic women: the breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: John E.M. , Sangaramoorthy M. , Hines L.M. , Stern M.C. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , Wolff R.K. , Slattery M.L. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2015 Jan; 24(1), p. 128-37.
PMID: 25352523
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Overall and abdominal adiposity and premenopausal breast cancer risk among hispanic women: the breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: John E.M. , Sangaramoorthy M. , Hines L.M. , Stern M.C. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , Wolff R.K. , Slattery M.L. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2015 Jan; 24(1), p. 138-47.
PMID: 25352526
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MAPK genes interact with diet and lifestyle factors to alter risk of breast cancer: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Lundgreen A. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Hines L. , Giuliano A.R. , Baumgartner K.B. , Stern M.C. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: Nutrition And Cancer, 2015; 67(2), p. 292-304.
PMID: 25629224
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Diet and lifestyle factors modify immune/inflammation response genes to alter breast cancer risk and prognosis: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Lundgreen A. , Torres-Mejia G. , Wolff R.K. , Hines L. , Baumgartner K. , John E.M. .
Source: Mutation Research, 2014 Dec; 770, p. 19-28.
PMID: 25332681
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A comprehensive examination of breast cancer risk loci in African American women.
Authors: Feng Y. , Stram D.O. , Rhie S.K. , Millikan R.C. , Ambrosone C.B. , John E.M. , Bernstein L. , Zheng W. , Olshan A.F. , Hu J.J. , et al. .
Source: Human Molecular Genetics, 2014-10-15 00:00:00.0; 23(20), p. 5518-26.
EPub date: 2014-10-15 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 24852375
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Neighborhood influences on recreational physical activity and survival after breast cancer.
Authors: Keegan T.H. , Shariff-Marco S. , Sangaramoorthy M. , Koo J. , Hertz A. , Schupp C.W. , Yang J. , John E.M. , Gomez S.L. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2014 Oct; 25(10), p. 1295-308.
PMID: 25088804
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Diet and lifestyle factors interact with MAPK genes to influence survival: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Hines L.H. , Lundgreen A. , Baumgartner K.B. , Wolff R.K. , Stern M.C. , John E.M. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2014 Sep; 25(9), p. 1211-25.
PMID: 24993294
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Genetic variants in interleukin genes are associated with breast cancer risk and survival in a genetically admixed population: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Herrick J.S. , Torres-Mejia G. , John E.M. , Giuliano A.R. , Hines L.M. , Stern M.C. , Baumgartner K.B. , Presson A.P. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: Carcinogenesis, 2014 Aug; 35(8), p. 1750-9.
PMID: 24670917
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Genetic variation in the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway influences breast cancer-specific mortality through interaction with cigarette smoking and use of aspirin/NSAIDs: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Lundgreen A. , Hines L.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Wolff R.K. , Stern M.C. , John E.M. .
Source: Breast Cancer Research And Treatment, 2014 Aug; 147(1), p. 145-58.
PMID: 25104439
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Impact of neighborhood and individual socioeconomic status on survival after breast cancer varies by race/ethnicity: the Neighborhood and Breast Cancer Study.
Authors: Shariff-Marco S. , Yang J. , John E.M. , Sangaramoorthy M. , Hertz A. , Koo J. , Nelson D.O. , Schupp C.W. , Shema S.J. , Cockburn M. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2014 May; 23(5), p. 793-811.
PMID: 24618999
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The influence of genetic ancestry and ethnicity on breast cancer survival associated with genetic variation in the TGF-ß-signaling pathway: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , Lundgreen A. , Stern M.C. , Hines L. , Wolff R.K. , Giuliano A.R. , Baumgartner K.B. , John E.M. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2014 Mar; 25(3), p. 293-307.
PMID: 24337772
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Angiogenesis genes, dietary oxidative balance and breast cancer risk and progression: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Lundgreen A. , Lewinger J.P. , Stern M.C. , Hines L. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: International Journal Of Cancer, 2014-02-01 00:00:00.0; 134(3), p. 629-44.
EPub date: 2014-02-01 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 23832257
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Obesity and mortality after breast cancer by race/ethnicity: The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium.
Authors: Kwan M.L. , John E.M. , Caan B.J. , Lee V.S. , Bernstein L. , Cheng I. , Gomez S.L. , Henderson B.E. , Keegan T.H. , Kurian A.W. , et al. .
Source: American Journal Of Epidemiology, 2014-01-01 00:00:00.0; 179(1), p. 95-111.
EPub date: 2014-01-01 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 24107615
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Genome-wide Association Study Of Breast Cancer In Latinas Identifies Novel Protective Variants On 6q25
Authors: Fejerman L. , Ahmadiyeh N. , Hu D. , Huntsman S. , Beckman K.B. , Caswell J.L. , Tsung K. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Carvajal-Carmona L. , et al. .
Source: Nature Communications, 2014; 5, p. 5260.
PMID: 25327703
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Genetic Ancestry And Risk Of Mortality Among U.s. Latinas With Breast Cancer
Authors: Fejerman L. , Hu D. , Huntsman S. , John E.M. , Stern M.C. , Haiman C.A. , Pérez-Stable E.J. , Ziv E. .
Source: Cancer Research, 2013-12-15 00:00:00.0; 73(24), p. 7243-53.
PMID: 24177181
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The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (cbcsc): Prognostic Factors Associated With Racial/ethnic Differences In Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Wu A.H. , Gomez S.L. , Vigen C. , Kwan M.L. , Keegan T.H. , Lu Y. , Shariff-Marco S. , Monroe K.R. , Kurian A.W. , Cheng I. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2013 Oct; 24(10), p. 1821-36.
PMID: 23864487
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Associations between genetic variants in the TGF-ß signaling pathway and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women.
Authors: Boone S.D. , Baumgartner K.B. , Baumgartner R.N. , Connor A.E. , Pinkston C.M. , John E.M. , Hines L.M. , Stern M.C. , Giuliano A.R. , Torres-Mejia G. , et al. .
Source: Breast Cancer Research And Treatment, 2013 Sep; 141(2), p. 287-97.
PMID: 24036662
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Genome-wide association study of age at menarche in African-American women.
Authors: Demerath E.W. , Liu C.T. , Franceschini N. , Chen G. , Palmer J.R. , Smith E.N. , Chen C.T. , Ambrosone C.B. , Arnold A.M. , Bandera E.V. , et al. .
Source: Human Molecular Genetics, 2013-08-15 00:00:00.0; 22(16), p. 3329-46.
EPub date: 2013-08-15 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 23599027
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Genetic ancestry modifies the association between genetic risk variants and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women.
Authors: Fejerman L. , Stern M.C. , Ziv E. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Hines L.M. , Wolff R. , Wang W. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , et al. .
Source: Carcinogenesis, 2013 Aug; 34(8), p. 1787-93.
PMID: 23563089
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Associations with growth factor genes (FGF1, FGF2, PDGFB, FGFR2, NRG2, EGF, ERBB2) with breast cancer risk and survival: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , John E.M. , Stern M.C. , Herrick J. , Lundgreen A. , Giuliano A.R. , Hines L. , Baumgartner K.B. , Torres-Mejia G. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: Breast Cancer Research And Treatment, 2013 Aug; 140(3), p. 587-601.
PMID: 23912956
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Telomere length, telomere-related genes, and breast cancer risk: the breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: Pellatt A.J. , Wolff R.K. , Torres-Mejia G. , John E.M. , Herrick J.S. , Lundgreen A. , Baumgartner K.B. , Giuliano A.R. , Hines L.M. , Fejerman L. , et al. .
Source: Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer, 2013 Jul; 52(7), p. 595-609.
PMID: 23629941
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Genetic variation in bone morphogenetic proteins and breast cancer risk in hispanic and non-hispanic white women: The breast cancer health disparities study.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Herrick J.S. , Giuliano A.R. , Baumgartner K.B. , Hines L.M. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: International Journal Of Cancer, 2013-06-15 00:00:00.0; 132(12), p. 2928-39.
EPub date: 2013-06-15 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 23180569
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A meta-analysis identifies new loci associated with body mass index in individuals of African ancestry.
Authors: Monda K.L. , Chen G.K. , Taylor K.C. , Palmer C. , Edwards T.L. , Lange L.A. , Ng M.C. , Adeyemo A.A. , Allison M.A. , Bielak L.F. , et al. .
Source: Nature Genetics, 2013 Jun; 45(6), p. 690-6.
PMID: 23583978
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Genome-wide Association Studies Identify Four Er Negative-specific Breast Cancer Risk Loci
Authors: Garcia-Closas M. , Couch F.J. , Lindstrom S. , Michailidou K. , Schmidt M.K. , Brook M.N. , Orr N. , Rhie S.K. , Riboli E. , Feigelson H.S. , et al. .
Source: Nature Genetics, 2013 Apr; 45(4), p. 392-8, 398e1-2.
PMID: 23535733
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A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry.
Authors: Chen F. , Chen G.K. , Stram D.O. , Millikan R.C. , Ambrosone C.B. , John E.M. , Bernstein L. , Zheng W. , Palmer J.R. , Hu J.J. , et al. .
Source: Human Genetics, 2013 Jan; 132(1), p. 39-48.
PMID: 22923054
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A Genome-wide Scan For Breast Cancer Risk Haplotypes Among African American Women
Authors: Song C. , Chen G.K. , Millikan R.C. , Ambrosone C.B. , John E.M. , Bernstein L. , Zheng W. , Hu J.J. , Ziegler R.G. , Nyante S. , et al. .
Source: Plos One, 2013; 8(2), p. e57298.
PMID: 23468962
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A Meta-analysis Of Genome-wide Association Studies Of Breast Cancer Identifies Two Novel Susceptibility Loci At 6q14 And 20q11
Authors: Siddiq A. , Couch F.J. , Chen G.K. , Lindström S. , Eccles D. , Millikan R.C. , Michailidou K. , Stram D.O. , Beckmann L. , Rhie S.K. , et al. .
Source: Human Molecular Genetics, 2012-12-15 00:00:00.0; 21(24), p. 5373-84.
PMID: 22976474
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Associations between TCF7L2 polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.
Authors: Connor A.E. , Baumgartner R.N. , Baumgartner K.B. , Kerber R.A. , Pinkston C. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Hines L. , Giuliano A. , Wolff R.K. , et al. .
Source: Breast Cancer Research And Treatment, 2012 Nov; 136(2), p. 593-602.
PMID: 23085767
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Genetic variation in genes involved in hormones, inflammation and energetic factors and breast cancer risk in an admixed population.
Authors: Slattery M.L. , John E.M. , Torres-Mejia G. , Lundgreen A. , Herrick J.S. , Baumgartner K.B. , Hines L.M. , Stern M.C. , Wolff R.K. .
Source: Carcinogenesis, 2012 Aug; 33(8), p. 1512-21.
PMID: 22562547
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Admixture Mapping Identifies A Locus On 6q25 Associated With Breast Cancer Risk In Us Latinas
Authors: Fejerman L. , Chen G.K. , Eng C. , Huntsman S. , Hu D. , Williams A. , Pasaniuc B. , John E.M. , Via M. , Gignoux C. , et al. .
Source: Human Molecular Genetics, 2012-04-15 00:00:00.0; 21(8), p. 1907-17.
PMID: 22228098
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Early-life Factors And Breast Cancer Risk In Hispanic Women: The Role Of Adolescent Body Size
Authors: Sangaramoorthy M. , Phipps A.I. , Horn-Ross P.L. , Koo J. , John E.M. .
Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication Of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored By The American Society Of Preventive Oncology, 2011 Dec; 20(12), p. 2572-82.
PMID: 22056503
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Fine-mapping Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci Characterizes Genetic Risk In African Americans
Authors: Chen F. , Chen G.K. , Millikan R.C. , John E.M. , Ambrosone C.B. , Bernstein L. , Zheng W. , Hu J.J. , Ziegler R.G. , Deming S.L. , et al. .
Source: Human Molecular Genetics, 2011-11-15 00:00:00.0; 20(22), p. 4491-503.
PMID: 21852243
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The landscape of recombination in African Americans.
Authors: Hinch A.G. , Tandon A. , Patterson N. , Song Y. , Rohland N. , Palmer C.D. , Chen G.K. , Wang K. , Buxbaum S.G. , Akylbekova E.L. , et al. .
Source: Nature, 2011-07-20 00:00:00.0; 476(7359), p. 170-5.
EPub date: 2011-07-20 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 21775986
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