Grant Number:	5R01CA073985-04 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Shapiro, Samuel
Organization:	Boston University Medical Campus
Project Title:	Hormonal Contraceptives and Invasive Cervical Cancer
Fiscal Year:	2000

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract). Carcinoma of the cervix is a sexually-transmitted disease due to infection with specific oncogenic types of the HPV. Yet not all infected women develop cancer. It has been posited that injectable progestogen-only contraceptives (IPCs) and/or combined estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (COCs) may act as cofactors, together with HPV, in the aetiology of cervical cancer. There is also some evidence to suggest that IPCs may reduce the risk. South Africa is an ideal country to test these hypotheses, because exposure to IPCs and COCs is common, as is invasive cervical cancer; screening is uncommon and biases associated with screening will be minimized. A four-year case-control study will be conducted in Cape Town, Africa, in which 500 cases of invasive cervical cancer (stages Ib-IVb) and 1500 controls admitted to the two main tertiary care hospitals will be enrolled. After giving written, informed consent, the controls will undergo Pap smears, and the cervical scrapings will also be tested for HPV infection. An estimated 500 controls, testing positive for HPV, will be compared with the cases for IPC and COC use. HPV-positive and negative controls will also be compared. Sera and white cells obtained from consenting cases and controls will be stored at -70 degrees C for the testing of future hypotheses. The study is designed to determine whether IPCs and COCs increase (or decrease) cervical cancer risk. An important source of confounding, sexual activity, will be controlled by confining the analysis to HPV-positive women. Independently of cervical cancer risk, the study is intended to determine whether IPCs and COCs predispose to HPV infection. The stored sera and white cells are intended to be available for future analysis related to the study hypotheses, and other hypotheses.




Papanicolaou Smears Induce Partial Immunity Against Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections
Authors: Shapiro S. , Hoffman M. , Constant D. , Rosenberg L. , Carrara H. , Allan B.R. , Marais D.J. , Passmore J.A. , Williamson A.L. .
Source: Epidemiology (cambridge, Mass.), 2007 Nov; 18(6), p. 709-15.
PMID: 18049186
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Determinants Of Sexual Activity And Its Relation To Cervical Cancer Risk Among South African Women
Authors: Cooper D. , Hoffman M. , Carrara H. , Rosenberg L. , Kelly J. , Stander I. , Denny L. , Williamson A.L. , Shapiro S. .
Source: Bmc Public Health, 2007; 7, p. 341.
PMID: 18042284
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The Agreement Between Cervical Abnormalities Identified By Cytology And Detection Of High-risk Types Of Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Allan B.R. , Marais D.J. , Denny L. , Hoffman M. , Shapiro S. , Williamson A.L. .
Source: South African Medical Journal = Suid-afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, 2006 Nov; 96(11), p. 1186-90.
PMID: 17167705
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Hiv And Pre-neoplastic And Neoplastic Lesions Of The Cervix In South Africa: A Case-control Study
Authors: Moodley J.R. , Hoffman M. , Carrara H. , Allan B.R. , Cooper D.D. , Rosenberg L. , Denny L.E. , Shapiro S. , Williamson A.L. .
Source: Bmc Cancer, 2006; 6, p. 135.
PMID: 16719902
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Hypothesis: The Act Of Taking A Papanicolaou Smear Reduces The Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Potential Impact On The Risk Of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Shapiro S. , Carrara H. , Allan B.R. , Hoffman M. , Rosenberg L. , Kelly J.P. , Cooper D.D. , Williamson A.L. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2003 Dec; 14(10), p. 953-7.
PMID: 14750534
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Limited Pap Screening Associated With Reduced Risk Of Cervical Cancer In South Africa
Authors: Hoffman M. , Cooper D. , Carrara H. , Rosenberg L. , Kelly J. , Stander I. , Williamson A.L. , Denny L. , du Toit G. , Shapiro S. .
Source: International Journal Of Epidemiology, 2003 Aug; 32(4), p. 573-7.
PMID: 12913031
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Risk Of Invasive Cancer Of The Cervix In Relation To The Use Of Injectable Progestogen Contraceptives And Combined Estrogen/progestogen Oral Contraceptives (south Africa)
Authors: Shapiro S. , Rosenberg L. , Hoffman M. , Kelly J.P. , Cooper D.D. , Carrara H. , Denny L.E. , du Toit G. , Allan B.R. , Stander I.A. , et al. .
Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc, 2003 Jun; 14(5), p. 485-95.
PMID: 12946044
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