Skip to main content
An official website of the United States government
Grant Details

Grant Number: 1R01CA086273-01 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator: Wakefield, Melanie
Organization: University Of Illinois
Project Title: Youth Smoking and the Media
Fiscal Year: 2000


Abstract

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) While there is evidence that counteradvertising about tobacco can influence tobacco use, not all campaigns report these effects for youth. In addition, some studies suggest news coverage on tobacco can lead to reductions in consumption , but no studies have examined the effects of news coverage on youth smoking. This project aims to relate counteradvertising on television, and news coverage of tobacco issues, to measures of youth smoking across the United States. The project will build on the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation-funded 'Bridging the Gap' project which links data from the Monitoring the Future surveys (MTFS) of 8 , 10 and 12 graders, to a project called 'ImpacTeen', which measures tobacco policy and environmental influences relevant to tobacco prevailing in each participating schools' community. The proposed project will use archival data from Nielsen Media Research to construct indices of exposure to counteradvertising (expenditure, gross rating points and teen-target rating points (TRPs) in each MTF community from 1994 through 2002, including the subset that comprise ImpacTeen sites from 1999 through 2002. Validation of the archival data set will be undertaken by reference to media purchase and placement records for the California Tobacco Control Program, and by reference to measures of recall of counteradvertising in the MTF surveys. Indices of 'effectiveness-adjusted' TRPs will be constructed, based upon focus group discussions with teenagers and input from an expert panel of people with experience in developing and assessing tobacco counteradvertising messages. In addition, measures of exposure to newspaper stories about tobacco issues for each MTFS site from 1999 through 2002 will be constructed using news clip data from Burrelle's Information Service and mapped to communities through information on newspaper circulation from the Audit Bureau of Circulation. For each community, indices of extent and tone of newspaper coverage on tobacco overall and for specific tobacco topics will be made using the metric of equivalent column inch advertising rate. Econometric techniques will be used to relate the extent of counteradvertising and extent of newspaper coverage to attitudes about smoking, and measures of youth smoking, including intention to smoke, smoking prevalence, consumption, and intention and attempts to quit. The analysis will also explore the relative impact of counteradvertising, newspaper coverage on tobacco, and other already collected measures of tobacco policy and environment (such as price, promotion and product placement in retail outlets, state and local laws relating to youth access, clean indoor air and tobacco advertising, price of cigarettes, school programs and more) on indices of youth smoking. This study, by assessing the value of counteradvertising and media coverage in reducing smoking among youth, will guide health policy and health funding decisions related to youth smoking prevention.



Publications

Effects of different types of antismoking ads on reducing disparities in smoking cessation among socioeconomic subgroups.
Authors: Durkin S.J. , Biener L. , Wakefield M.A. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2009 Dec; 99(12), p. 2217-23.
PMID: 19833980
Related Citations

Relation between newspaper coverage of tobacco issues and smoking attitudes and behaviour among American teens.
Authors: Smith K.C. , Wakefield M.A. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Chaloupka F.J. , Flay B. , Johnston L. , Saba A. , Siebel C. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2008 Feb; 17(1), p. 17-24.
PMID: 18218802
Related Citations

Public health obesity-related TV advertising: lessons learned from tobacco.
Authors: Emery S.L. , Szczypka G. , Powell L.M. , Chaloupka F.J. .
Source: American Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 2007 Oct; 33(4 Suppl), p. S257-63.
PMID: 17884574
Related Citations

Working to make an image: an analysis of three Philip Morris corporate image media campaigns.
Authors: Szczypka G. , Wakefield M.A. , Emery S. , Terry-McElrath Y.M. , Flay B.R. , Chaloupka F.J. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2007 Oct; 16(5), p. 344-50.
PMID: 17897994
Related Citations

State anti-tobacco advertising and smoking outcomes by gender and race/ethnicity.
Authors: Terry-McElrath Y.M. , Wakefield M.A. , Emery S. , Saffer H. , Szczypka G. , O'Malley P.M. , Johnston L.D. , Chaloupka F.J. , Flay B.R. .
Source: Ethnicity & Health, 2007 Sep; 12(4), p. 339-62.
PMID: 17701761
Related Citations

Effect of televised, tobacco company-funded smoking prevention advertising on youth smoking-related beliefs, intentions, and behavior.
Authors: Wakefield M. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Emery S. , Saffer H. , Chaloupka F.J. , Szczypka G. , Flay B. , O'Malley P.M. , Johnston L.D. .
Source: American Journal Of Public Health, 2006 Dec; 96(12), p. 2154-60.
PMID: 17077405
Related Citations

The good news about smoking: how do U.S. newspapers cover tobacco issues?
Authors: Clegg Smith K. , Wakefield M. , Edsall E. .
Source: Journal Of Public Health Policy, 2006 Jul; 27(2), p. 166-81.
PMID: 16961195
Related Citations

Impact of smoking cessation aids and mass media among recent quitters.
Authors: Biener L. , Reimer R.L. , Wakefield M. , Szczypka G. , Rigotti N.A. , Connolly G. .
Source: American Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 2006 Mar; 30(3), p. 217-24.
PMID: 16476637
Related Citations

Newspaper coverage of youth and tobacco: implications for public health.
Authors: Smith K.C. , Wakefield M. .
Source: Health Communication, 2006; 19(1), p. 19-28.
PMID: 16519589
Related Citations

Mixed messages on tobacco: comparative exposure to public health, tobacco company- and pharmaceutical company-sponsored tobacco-related television campaigns in the United States, 1999-2003.
Authors: Wakefield M. , Szczypka G. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Emery S. , Flay B. , Chaloupka F. , Saffer H. .
Source: Addiction (abingdon, England), 2005 Dec; 100(12), p. 1875-83.
PMID: 16367989
Related Citations

Australian letters to the editor on tobacco: triggers, rhetoric, and claims of legitimate voice.
Authors: Smith K.C. , McLeod K. , Wakefield M. .
Source: Qualitative Health Research, 2005 Nov; 15(9), p. 1180-98.
PMID: 16204400
Related Citations

Televised state-sponsored antitobacco advertising and youth smoking beliefs and behavior in the United States, 1999-2000.
Authors: Emery S. , Wakefield M.A. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Saffer H. , Szczypka G. , O'Malley P.M. , Johnston L.D. , Chaloupka F.J. , Flay B. .
Source: Archives Of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 2005 Jul; 159(7), p. 639-45.
PMID: 15996997
Related Citations

Textual analysis of tobacco editorials: how are Key media gatekeepers framing the issues?
Authors: Smith K.C. , Wakefield M. .
Source: American Journal Of Health Promotion : Ajhp, 2005 May-Jun; 19(5), p. 361-8.
PMID: 15895539
Related Citations

Media advocacy and newspaper coverage of tobacco issues: a comparative analysis of 1 year's print news in the United States and Australia.
Authors: Smith K.C. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Wakefield M. , Durrant R. .
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2005 Apr; 7(2), p. 289-99.
PMID: 16036287
Related Citations

Trends in recall and appraisal of anti-smoking advertising among American youth: national survey results, 1997-2001.
Authors: Johnston L.D. , Terry-McEllrath Y.M. , O'Malley P.M. , Wakefield M. .
Source: Prevention Science : The Official Journal Of The Society For Prevention Research, 2005 Mar; 6(1), p. 1-19.
PMID: 15766002
Related Citations

The effect of antismoking advertisement executional characteristics on youth comprehension, appraisal, recall, and engagement.
Authors: Terry-McElrath Y. , Wakefield M. , Ruel E. , Balch G.I. , Emery S. , Szczypka G. , Clegg-Smith K. , Flay B. .
Source: Journal Of Health Communication, 2005 Mar; 10(2), p. 127-43.
PMID: 15804904
Related Citations

Tobacco in the news: an analysis of newspaper coverage of tobacco issues in Australia, 2001.
Authors: Durrant R. , Wakefield M. , McLeod K. , Clegg-Smith K. , Chapman S. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2003 Sep; 12 Suppl 2, p. ii75-81.
PMID: 12878777
Related Citations

Appraisal of anti-smoking advertising by youth at risk for regular smoking: a comparative study in the United States, Australia, and Britain.
Authors: Wakefield M. , Durrant R. , Terry-McElrath Y. , Ruel E. , Balch G.I. , Anderson S. , Szczypka G. , Emery S. , Flay B. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2003 Sep; 12 Suppl 2, p. ii82-6.
PMID: 12878778
Related Citations

Press coverage of public expenditure of Master Settlement Agreement funds: how are non-tobacco control related expenditures represented?
Authors: Clegg Smith K.M. , Wakefield M.A. , Nichter M. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2003 Sep; 12(3), p. 257-63.
PMID: 12958383
Related Citations

Role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking.
Authors: Wakefield M. , Flay B. , Nichter M. , Giovino G. .
Source: Addiction (abingdon, England), 2003 May; 98 Suppl 1, p. 79-103.
PMID: 12752363
Related Citations

Positive youth development requires comprehensive health promotion programs.
Authors: Flay B.R. .
Source: American Journal Of Health Behavior, 2002 Nov-Dec; 26(6), p. 407-24.
PMID: 12437016
Related Citations



Back to Top