Grant Details
Grant Number: |
5R01CA232516-05 Interpret this number |
Primary Investigator: |
Tindle, Hilary |
Organization: |
Vanderbilt University Medical Center |
Project Title: |
Metabolism Informed Smoking Treatment in Medicaid and Medicare Patients: the Mist Rct |
Fiscal Year: |
2023 |
Abstract
Project Summary
The American Southeast has some of the highest rates of cigarette smoking and smoking-attributable cancer
mortality in the nation. Medicaid and Medicare (CMS) beneficiaries who smoke are at high risk of smoking-
related disease, yet each year fewer than one in five CMS-enrolled smokers (and fewer than one in ten
Tennessee Medicaid smokers) with pharmacy benefits receive smoking cessation medication. Furthermore,
when smoking cessation medication is provided, it is not biologically tailored for maximum efficacy. The ratio of
3-hydroxycotinine to cotinine, known as the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), reflects CYP2A6 activity and the
rate of nicotine metabolism. Among “normal” metabolizers as assessed by NMR, varenicline produces quit
rates roughly double those of nicotine patch at 6 months (23% vs. 13%, p<0.05), while among “slow”
metabolizers, quit rates do not differ by drug. The number needed to treat to help one normal metabolizer quit
smoking is only 4.9 for varenicline vs. 26 for nicotine patch, establishing the scientific premise to pair normal
metabolizers with varenicline and slow metabolizers with nicotine. We propose to test Metabolism-Informed
Smoking Treatment (MIST), a precision approach that biologically tailors medication to nicotine
metabolism, for CMS beneficiaries in the Mid-South who smoke. We hypothesize that MIST will be
superior to usual care (UC), i.e., selection of medication uninformed by NMR, for smoking cessation. We
randomized 81 adult daily smokers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) to MIST vs control. MIST
increased NMR-medication match rates more than 3-fold: unadjusted odds ratio 3.67 (95% confidence interval
1.33-11.00; p-value=0.02), and was highly acceptable to patients. To assess the efficacy of MIST relative to
UC for abstinence and its use by patients and providers in clinical practice, the MIST RCT will enroll 1,000
CMS-enrolled adult daily smokers who are hospitalized and counseled by the inpatient VUMC Tobacco
Treatment Service. Specific AIMS are to compare the effects of MIST vs. UC on: (1) Abstinence at 6
months (1a, 1° study outcome), defined by biochemically-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence, and 12
months (1b, 2° outcome); (2) Clinical implementation, defined by patient self-reported medication adherence
(2a, 2° outcome), PCP prescription of medication for patients smoking after hospital discharge (2b, 2°
outcome), and whether the prescription is NMR-matched (2c, 2° outcome); and (3) Health care utilization and
mortality (exploratory) as tracked by existing databases including the statewide Tennessee Hospital
Discharge Data System and CMS data. All participants will receive counseling and medication for tobacco use.
Investigators have broad, complementary expertise in smoking cessation clinical trials, precision medicine,
smoking pharmacogenomics, and use of large databases, and leverage extensive health system infrastructure.
IMPACT: This is the first large RCT to incorporate nicotine metabolism into clinical care, and could
fundamentally shift smoking treatment away from a generic approach and into the era of precision medicine.
Publications
Multiethnic Prediction of Nicotine Biomarkers and Association With Nicotine Dependence.
Authors: Bergen A.W.
, McMahan C.S.
, McGee S.
, Ervin C.M.
, Tindle H.A.
, Le Marchand L.
, Murphy S.E.
, Stram D.O.
, Patel Y.M.
, Park S.L.
, et al.
.
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2021-07-27 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2021-07-27 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 34313775
Related Citations