Grant Number:	5R01TW010898-11 Interpret this number
Primary Investigator:	Drope, Jeffrey
Organization:	University Of Illinois At Chicago
Project Title:	The Political Economy of Tobacco Farming in Low-and Middle-Income Countries
Fiscal Year:	2021

Summary The World Health Organization reports that more than six million people die each year from tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, changing markets have generated a dramatic shift in consumption from high-income countries (HICs) to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and by 2030 more than 80% of the disease burden from tobacco use will fall on LMICs. To help facilitate this shift, opponents of tobacco control – led by the tobacco industry and even some governments – have successfully used the supposed harm from tobacco control measures to smallholder tobacco farmers as a reason to slow, stop and even reverse tobacco control interventions, particularly in LMICs. This complex nexus of economic, agricultural and public health policymaking may prove to be home to one of the largest threats facing tobacco control. The emerging battleground is concentrated in countries with weaker governance capacity, more politically vulnerable governments and a greater economic reliance on tobacco, which includes many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. While there is a small literature examining some of these dynamics, there is a lack of cross-country and deep, individual-level evidence about the actual livelihoods of these farmers and the political economic context in which these dynamics are unfolding. Understanding the complexities of these livelihoods is a crucial component to addressing this challenge: helping policymakers to develop strategies to integrate public health and agro-economic policies positively, and in particular, to assist farmers in finding viable economic alternative livelihoods. Such policies supporting viable alternatives are needed to counter many existing ones that serve to propel or entrench tobacco cultivation. This project aims to fill the large research gap in this area by examining rigorously the economic lives of these farmers, and the political and economic processes that frame their livelihoods, in four major tobacco- growing LMICs – Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi and Zambia. To reach this aim, we will first collect and analyze existing data and scholarship relevant to the economics and politics of tobacco farming in these regions. Informed by these findings, we will implement individual-level economic surveys of nationally-representative samples of farmers in four major tobacco-growing countries in Africa and Southeast Asia. We will complement the surveys with focus group discussions with farmers across the major tobacco-growing regions of each case country. Finally, using the expert consultation of the in-country co-investigators, we will extensively interview relevant actors in these countries, including relevant farmer organization representatives, ministry officials, civil society advocates, representatives of intergovernmental organizations, and industry representatives in order to illuminate the broader structures, policies and other important contexts that frame farmers' livelihoods. One of the project's principal aims is to improve research and policy analysis capacity in this vital substantive area in the region. Accordingly, there will be close cooperation among the HIC and LMIC co- investigators not only for research collaboration, but also to train a select cohort of graduate students (four in total) and two post-doctoral or post-graduate researchers in African universities and two in Indonesia who focus specifically on the political economy of tobacco control in LMICs. There is also a component in which three LMIC researchers will visit one of the North American institutions for post-doctoral studies. As the final component of our capacity-building strategy, the multi-disciplinary team will present the key findings to major stakeholders – policymakers, advocates and scholars – in a series of workshops across the region that elucidate the complexities of tobacco farming with an ultimate goal of creating a policy environment that is conducive to reducing the supply of tobacco parallel to efforts to control demand. At the same time, we will conduct workshops to present our findings to the survey and FGD participants so they can directly benefit from the researching to which they are contributing. These workshops will be accompanied by a corresponding set of country-specific reports and policy briefs that will also be distributed to key stakeholders. Finally, co-investigators will cultivate relationships with key stakeholders and engage in the presentation of research results and meaningful policy discussions in much smaller settings.




Assessing the Level of Poverty and Utilization of Government Social Programs Among Tobacco Farmers in Indonesia.
Authors: Sahadewo G.A. , Lencucha R. , Bandara S. , Drope J. , Witoelar F. .
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2024-08-22 00:00:00.0; 26(9), p. 1132-1140.
PMID: 38456837
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Foregrounding women and household dynamics to inform Article 17: a qualitative description analysis of tobacco farming households in Mozambique.
Authors: Clark M. , Cunguara B. , Bialous S. , Rice K. , Drope J. , Labonte R. , Lencucha R. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2023-07-04 00:00:00.0; , .
EPub date: 2023-07-04 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 37402575
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Exploring the Political Economy Nexus of Tobacco Production and Control: A Case Study from Zambia.
Authors: Ruckert A. , Labonté R. , Lencucha R. , Goma F. , Drope J. .
Source: Critical Public Health, 2023; 33(1), p. 25-36.
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Perseverance is innovation: the journey to successful tobacco tax reform.
Authors: Drope J. , Siu E. , Chaloupka F.J. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2022 Mar; 31(2), p. 241-242.
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Tobacco farming: overcoming an understated impediment to comprehensive tobacco control.
Authors: Lencucha R. , Drope J. , Magati P. , Sahadewo G.A. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2022 03; 31(2), p. 308-312.
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Recent evidence on the illicit cigarette trade in Latin America.
Authors: Drope J. , Rodriguez-Iglesias G. , Stoklosa M. , Szklo A. .
Source: Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal Of Public Health, 2022; 46, p. e111.
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Tobacco or not tobacco: predicting farming households' income in Indonesia.
Authors: Sahadewo G.A. , Drope J. , Li Q. , Nargis N. , Witoelar F. .
Source: Tobacco Control, 2021 05; 30(3), p. 320-327.
EPub date: 2020-05-13 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 32404519
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An Overview of the Policy and Market Landscape of Tobacco Production and Control in Mozambique.
Authors: Nguenha N. , Cunguara B. , Bialous S. , Drope J. , Lencucha R. .
Source: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2021-01-05 00:00:00.0; 18(1), .
EPub date: 2021-01-05 00:00:00.0.
PMID: 33466388
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How does tobacco growing impact advancement in demand reduction measures?
Authors: Lencucha R. , Drope J. .
Source: Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 2021; 7, p. 7.
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The Economic Cost of Tobacco Farming in Bangladesh.
Authors: Hussain A.G. , Rouf A.S.S. , Shimul S.N. , Nargis N. , Kessaram T.M. , Huq S.M. , Kaur J. , Shiekh M.K.A. , Drope J. .
Source: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2020-12-17 00:00:00.0; 17(24), .
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In-and-Out of Tobacco Farming: Shifting Behavior of Tobacco Farmers in Indonesia.
Authors: Sahadewo G.A. , Drope J. , Li Q. , Witoelar F. , Lencucha R. .
Source: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2020-12-15 00:00:00.0; 17(24), .
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Shifting from tobacco growing to alternatives in Malawi? A qualitative analysis of policy and perspectives.
Authors: Lencucha R. , Moyo T. , Labonte R. , Drope J. , Appau A. , Makoka D. .
Source: Health Policy And Planning, 2020-08-01 00:00:00.0; 35(7), p. 810-818.
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The Political Economy of Tobacco in Mozambique and Zimbabwe: A Triangulation Mixed Methods Protocol.
Authors: Lencucha R. , Drope J. , Labonte R. , Cunguara B. , Ruckert A. , Mlambo Z. , Kadungure A. , Bialous S. , Nhamo N. .
Source: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2020-06-15 00:00:00.0; 17(12), .
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Factors Associated with Cultivation of Tobacco in Bangladesh: A Multilevel Modelling Approach.
Authors: Talukder A. , Haq I. , Ali M. , Drope J. .
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Understanding Alternatives to Tobacco Production in Kenya: A Qualitative Analysis at the Sub-National Level.
Authors: Clark M. , Magati P. , Drope J. , Labonte R. , Lencucha R. .
Source: International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2020-03-19 00:00:00.0; 17(6), .
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Cancer Prevention in Low-Resource Countries: An Overview of the Opportunity.
Authors: Kamaraju S. , Drope J. , Sankaranarayanan R. , Shastri S. .
Source: American Society Of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society Of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting, 2020 Mar; 40, p. 1-12.
PMID: 32239989
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Government policy and agricultural production: a scoping review to inform research and policy on healthy agricultural commodities.
Authors: Lencucha R. , Pal N.E. , Appau A. , Thow A.M. , Drope J. .
Source: Globalization And Health, 2020-01-20 00:00:00.0; 16(1), p. 11.
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Explaining Why Farmers Grow Tobacco: Evidence From Malawi, Kenya, and Zambia.
Authors: Appau A. , Drope J. , Goma F. , Magati P. , Labonte R. , Makoka D. , Zulu R. , Li Q. , Lencucha R. .
Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 2019-09-06 00:00:00.0; , .
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Consequences of policy incoherence: how Zambia's post-FCTC investment policy stimulated tobacco production.
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Source: Journal Of Public Health Policy, 2019 Sep; 40(3), p. 286-291.
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Correction to: Consequences of policy incoherence: how Zambia's post-FCTC investment policy stimulated tobacco production.
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Price, tax and tobacco product substitution in Zambia: findings from the ITC Zambia Surveys.
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