Grant Details
Grant Number: |
1R01CA244777-01A1 Interpret this number |
Primary Investigator: |
Hekler, Eric |
Organization: |
University Of California, San Diego |
Project Title: |
Optimizing Individualized and Adaptive Mhealth Interventions Via Control Systems Engineering Methods |
Fiscal Year: |
2020 |
Abstract
Background: Strong evidence indicates physical activity (PA) reduces risk of bladder, breast, colon,
endometrium, esophagus, gastric, and renal cancer, and there is moderate evidence for lung cancer. Individuals
aged 40+ who are inactive are at high risk of developing cancers 58,65 but only 1/3 meet guidelines for PA;5-15
thus, they are an important group to target. While effective PA interventions exist, interventions often work
only for some individuals or only for a limited time,16-18 thus establishing the need for interventions that can
account for dynamic, idiosyncratic PA determinants in order to support each person’s PA. In response, we
developed JustWalk, a modular adaptive mobile health (mHealth) intervention that makes daily N-of-1
adjustments to support PA for each person. JustWalk is based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) with N-of-1
adaptation driven by a mathematical dynamical model of SCT, which we have developed and validated. JustWalk
can perform N-of-1 adaptation based on our innovative use of control engineering methods, which we call a
control optimization trial (COT). We have a digital platform and empirical justification for our next step: to
evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), whether using a COT approach to continuously optimize a PA
intervention to each individual is superior to an intervention that is identical but lacks the COT methods. Primary
purpose: Evaluate differences in minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) among the COT-
optimized vs. non-COT groups at 12 months. Hypotheses: We hypothesize significantly higher minutes/week
of MVPA in the intervention arm (COT) relative to control (non-COT) as measured via ActiGraph (powered for
effect size of ≥0.32). Methods: We will conduct this RCT with 386 adults aged 40+ who are inactive and
overweight/obesity. This is a high-risk group who would benefit from a PA intervention for cancer prevention and
who would benefit from an adaptive intervention because of the idiosyncratic and dynamic nature of PA that is
pronounced within this group. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 6, and 12-months using a hip-worn
ActiGraph for assessing minutes/week of MVPA, as justified by guidelines. Implications: This research is highly
significant because our intervention would be the first scalable PA intervention squarely grounded in SCT with
N-of-1 adaptation driven by a mathematical dynamical model version of SCT. Further, favorable results would
justify use of our COT methods for other complex and highly idiosyncratic and dynamic behaviors such as weight
management, smoking, or substance abuse. Finally, our work should improve understanding of engagement
with digital health tools. This research is highly innovative as we would be the first to conduct a COT and to
empirically evaluate its utility in an RCT.
Publications
None